Meta-ethical theories
Study the nature of moral language, truth, and objectivity through naturalism, intuitionism, emotivism, and Aquinas' theological approach to conscience. Meta-ethics asks fundamental questions about the meaning and status of moral claims.
Naturalism
Explore the view that moral properties can be defined in terms of natural, observable facts like pleasure and happiness, including Hume's is-ought gap and Moore's naturalistic fallacy.
Intuitionism
Study G.E. Moore's view that goodness is a simple, indefinable, non-natural property known through moral intuition, and Ross's prima facie duties framework.
Emotivism
Analyze A.J. Ayer and C.L. Stevenson's theory that moral statements are merely expressions of emotion with no factual content, and explore the Frege-Geach Problem.